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Every business entity and individual earning above the basic exemption limit must file an Income Tax Return (ITR) with the Income Tax Department of India. For business owners, choosing the right ITR form, claiming all eligible deductions, and meeting deadlines is critical to avoid penalties and scrutiny.
- 31 July 2025 — Individuals, proprietors (non-audit cases)
- 31 October 2025 — Companies, LLPs, audit cases
- 30 November 2025 — Transfer pricing cases
Which ITR Form to Use?
| ITR Form | Who Files It |
|---|---|
| ITR-3 | Individuals/HUFs with income from business or profession (not presumptive) |
| ITR-4 (Sugam) | Individuals/HUFs/firms opting for Presumptive Tax (Sec 44AD/44ADA/44AE) |
| ITR-5 | Partnership Firms, LLPs, AOPs, BOIs |
| ITR-6 | Companies (other than those claiming exemption under Sec 11) |
| ITR-7 | Trusts, Political Parties, NGOs, Research Institutions |
Key Deductions for Business Owners
- ✅ Business Expenses — rent, salaries, utilities, depreciation, professional fees
- ✅ Section 80C — up to ₹1.5 lakhs (PF, LIC, ELSS, PPF etc.)
- ✅ Section 80D — health insurance premiums (up to ₹25,000 / ₹50,000 for seniors)
- ✅ Section 80-IAC — startups: 100% profit deduction for 3 years
- ✅ Depreciation (Section 32) — on plant, machinery, computers, vehicles
- ✅ Startup expenses (Section 35D) — preliminary incorporation costs, amortised over 5 years
Presumptive Taxation — A Simplified Option
Small businesses and professionals with turnover below specified limits can opt for Presumptive Taxation and avoid detailed bookkeeping:
- ✅ Section 44AD — Businesses: 8% of gross turnover (6% for digital receipts) deemed as profit. No books required.
- ✅ Section 44ADA — Professionals (doctors, CAs, lawyers, engineers): 50% of gross receipts deemed as profit.
- ✅ Section 44AE — Transport operators: fixed per-vehicle income deemed.
- ₹5,000 late fee (₹1,000 if income below ₹5 lakhs) — Section 234F
- Interest at 1% per month on unpaid tax — Section 234A
- Loss carry-forward disallowed if filed after due date
- Companies and firms may face prosecution for non-filing
Filing the correct ITR on time is both a legal obligation and a smart financial discipline. Legal Chanakya's taxation team handles ITR filing for individuals, proprietors, companies, and LLPs — ensuring maximum deductions, zero errors, and on-time submission every year.
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